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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">2713-2900</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник УГМУ</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">USMU Medical Bulletin</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Уральский государственный медицинский университет</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52420/usmumb.10.2.e00162</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="edn">https://elibrary.ru/JNYGYU</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="uri">https://vestnikusmu.ru/index.php/vestnik/article/view/162</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="ru">Психические расстройства при клещевом боррелиозе (болезни Лайма): литературный обзор</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>Mental Disorders in Tick-Borne Borreliosis (Lyme Disease): A Literature Review</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Абдулкин</surname>
            <given-names>Максим Олегович</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Абдулкин</surname>
              <given-names>Максим Олегович</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Abdulkin</surname>
              <given-names>Maxim O.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>vmeda-nio@mil.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0002-9061-2475</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия имени С. М. Кирова (Санкт-Петербург, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Kirov Military Medical Academy (Saint Petersburg, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-26">
        <day>26</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>10</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <elocation-id>e00162</elocation-id>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© Абдулкин М. О., 2025</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Абдулкин М. О.</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Abdulkin M. O.</copyright-holder>
        <license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">
          <license-p>CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://vestnikusmu.ru/index.php/vestnik/article/view/162">https://vestnikusmu.ru/index.php/vestnik/article/view/162</self-uri>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Клещевой боррелиоз (болезнь Лайма), вызываемый спирохетой Borrelia burgdorferi, представляет собой мультисистемное инфекционное заболевание, передающееся через укусы иксодовых клещей. Помимо классических проявлений (мигрирующей эритемы, артрита, кардита) болезнь ассоциируется с широким спектром нейропсихиатрических нарушений. Одним из ключевых механизмов развития психических расстройств у пациентов с боррелиозом является нейровоспаление, вызываемое реакцией иммунной системы на персистенцию Borrelia burgdorferi в тканях головного мозга через гематоэнцефалический барьер. Нейровоспаление, как известно, приводит к активации микроглии, высвобождению провоспалительных цитокинов (интерлейкина 6, фактора некроза опухоли) и нарушению баланса нейротрансмиттерных систем, что в теории может провоцировать депрессию, тревожные расстройства и когнитивные нарушения. В обзоре систематизированы современные данные о патогенезе, клинических особенностях, диагностике и терапии психических расстройств при боррелиозе. Установлено, что до 20 % пациентов после антибактериальной терапии сталкиваются с постлечебным синдромом болезни Лайма, характеризующимся хронической усталостью, когнитивным дефицитом и устойчивой психопатологической симптоматикой. Ключевыми механизмами развития психических нарушений являются нейровоспаление, вызываемое проникновением боррелий через гематоэнцефалический барьер, дисбаланс нейромедиаторов (серотонина, дофамина) и аутоиммунные процессы, связанные с молекулярной мимикрией антигенов возбудителя и тканей хозяина. Особое внимание уделено эпидемиологическим аспектам: в эндемичных регионах ежегодно регистрируется до 476 тыс. (США) и 8 тыс. (Россия) случаев заражения соответственно, при этом нейропсихиатрические осложнения часто остаются недиагностированными из-за ограниченной чувствительности серологических тестов (иммуноферментного анализа, вестерн-блота) на поздних стадиях. Диагностика требует интеграции методов нейровизуализации (магнитно-резонансной и (или) позитронно-эмиссионной томографии), оценки провоспалительных маркеров в ликворе и применения психометрических шкал (опросника депрессии Бека, шкалы оценки депрессии Гамильтона, шкалы оценки тревожности Гамильтона). Лечение включает в себя антибиотики (доксициклин, цефтриаксон) в сочетании с психофармакотерапией (антидепрессантами, нейролептиками). Подчеркивается необходимость междисциплинарного подхода с участием инфекционистов, неврологов и психиатров для улучшения прогноза. Перспективы исследований связаны с изучением биомаркеров хронического нейровоспаления и разработкой персонализированных схем терапии.</p>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Tick-borne borreliosis (Lyme disease) caused by the spirochaete Borrelia burgdorferi is a multisystem infectious disease transmitted through the bites of Ixodes ticks. In addition to the classic manifestations (erythema migrans, arthritis, carditis), the disease is associated with a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders. One of the key mechanisms of the development of mental disorders in patients with borreliosis is neuroinflammation caused by the immune system’s response to the persistence of Borrelia burgdorferi in brain tissues through the blood-brain barrier. Neuroinflammation is known to lead to activation of microglia, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor) and imbalance of neurotransmitter systems, which, in theory, can provoke depression, anxiety disorders and cognitive impairment. This review systematizes modern data on the pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and therapy of mental disorders in borreliosis. It has been found that up to 20 % of patients after antibiotic therapy experience post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome, characterized by chronic fatigue, cognitive deficits, and persistent psychopathological symptoms. The key mechanisms of the development of mental disorders are neuroinflammation caused by the penetration of borrelia through the blood-brain barrier, an imbalance of neurotransmitters (serotonin, dopamine) and autoimmune processes associated with the molecular mimicry of antigens of the pathogen and host tissues. Special attention is paid to epidemiological aspects: in endemic regions, up to 476,000 (USA) and 8,000 (Russia) cases are reported annually, while neuropsychiatric complications often remain undiagnosed due to the limited sensitivity of late-stage serological tests (ELISA, Western blot). Diagnosis requires the integration of neuroimaging techniques (magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography), assessment of pro-inflammatory markers in cerebrospinal fluid, and the use of psychometric scales (the Beck Depression Inventory, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale). Treatment includes antibiotics (doxycycline, ceftriaxone) in combination with psychopharmacotherapy (antidepressants, antipsychotics). The need for an interdisciplinary approach involving infectious disease specialists, neurologists, and psychiatrists to improve prognosis is emphasized. Research prospects are related to the study of biomarkers of chronic neuroinflammation and the development of personalized therapy regimens.</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <title>Ключевые слова</title>
        <kwd>болезнь Лайма</kwd>
        <kwd>психические расстройства</kwd>
        <kwd>депрессия</kwd>
        <kwd>тревожность</kwd>
        <kwd>когнитивные нарушения</kwd>
        <kwd>Borrelia burgdorferi</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Lyme disease</kwd>
        <kwd>mental disorders</kwd>
        <kwd>depression</kwd>
        <kwd>anxiety</kwd>
        <kwd>cognitive impairment</kwd>
        <kwd>Borrelia burgdorferi</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
  <back>
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