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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">2713-2900</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник УГМУ</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">USMU Medical Bulletin</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Уральский государственный медицинский университет</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52420/usmumb.10.3.e00183</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="edn">https://elibrary.ru/QQTHKA</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="uri">https://vestnikusmu.ru/index.php/vestnik/article/view/183</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="ru">Причины поздней диагностики и оперативного лечения абдоминального крипторхизма у детей</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>Causes of Late Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment of Abdominal Cryptorchidism in Children</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Екимов</surname>
            <given-names>Михаил Николаевич</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Екимов</surname>
              <given-names>Михаил Николаевич</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Ekimov</surname>
              <given-names>Mikhail N.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>ekim1504@yandex.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1802-6105</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Комарова</surname>
            <given-names>Светлана Юрьевна</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Комарова</surname>
              <given-names>Светлана Юрьевна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Komarova</surname>
              <given-names>Svetlana Yu.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>urokom@yandex.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2966-2887</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Цап</surname>
            <given-names>Наталья Александровна</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Цап</surname>
              <given-names>Наталья Александровна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Tsap</surname>
              <given-names>Natalya A.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>tsapna-ekat@rambler.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9050-3629</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Гайдышева</surname>
            <given-names>Елена Викторовна</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Гайдышева</surname>
              <given-names>Елена Викторовна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Gaidysheva</surname>
              <given-names>Elena V.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>gaydesheva@gmail.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Тимошинов</surname>
            <given-names>Максим Юрьевич</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Тимошинов</surname>
              <given-names>Максим Юрьевич</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Timoshinov</surname>
              <given-names>Maxim Yu.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>simashinov@gmail.com</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6397-7156</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Смирнова</surname>
            <given-names>Снежана Евгеньевна</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Смирнова</surname>
              <given-names>Снежана Евгеньевна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Smirnova</surname>
              <given-names>Snezhana E.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>snezhka-88@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3257-5242</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Уральский государственный медицинский университет; Детская городская клиническая больница № 9 (Екатеринбург, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Ural State Medical University; Children’s City Clinical Hospital No. 9 (Ekaterinburg, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff2">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Уральский государственный медицинский университет (Екатеринбург, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Ural State Medical University (Ekaterinburg, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff3">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Детская городская клиническая больница № 9 (Екатеринбург, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Children’s City Clinical Hospital No. 9 (Ekaterinburg, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-30">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>10</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <elocation-id>e00183</elocation-id>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© Екимов М.Н., Комарова С.Ю., Цап Н.А., Гайдышева Е.В., Тимошинов М.Ю., Смирнова С.Е., 2025. Материал доступен по условиям лицензии CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Int.</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Екимов М.Н., Комарова С.Ю., Цап Н.А., Гайдышева Е.В., Тимошинов М.Ю., Смирнова С.Е.</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ekimov M.N., Komarova S. Yu., Tsap N.A., Gaidysheva E.V., Timoshinov M. Yu., Smirnova S.E.</copyright-holder>
        <license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">
          <license-p>CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://vestnikusmu.ru/index.php/vestnik/article/view/183">https://vestnikusmu.ru/index.php/vestnik/article/view/183</self-uri>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Введение. Крипторхизм, или неопущение яичка, — один из наиболее частых врожденных пороков развития новорожденных мужского пола. Заболеваемость варьируется и зависит от гестационного возраста (1,0–4,6 % доношенных и 1,1–45,0 % недоношенных). Оперативное лечение следует начинать в возрасте 6 мес. и необходимо завершить к 12 или 18 мес.&#13;
Цель работы — проанализировать причины поздней диагностики и оперативного лечения детей с абдоминальной формой крипторхизма (АФК).&#13;
Материалы и методы. За период 2020–2024 гг. в хирургическом отделении № 2 Детской городской клинической больницы № 9 пролечено 699 детей с крипторхизмом. Синдром непальпируемого яичка выявлен у 105/699 (15 %) мальчиков: АФК — 63/105 (60 %), синдром тестикулярной регрессии 42/105 (40 %). Пациенты разделены на 2 группы: I — диагноз АФК установлен у мальчиков с рождения (n = 52/63 (82,5 %)); II — диагностика АФК в более поздние сроки, при рождении ребенка порок развития не установлен (n = 11/63 (17,5 %)).&#13;
Результаты и обсуждение. Всем детям с непальпируемым яичком выполнено ультразвуковое исследование (УЗИ) органов мошонки, брюшной полости и паховых каналов для визуализации гонады. Только после этого исследования устанавливались показания к оперативному лечению. В рекомендуемый оптимальный возраст пролечено всего 6/52 (11,5 %) мальчиков из группы I. В группе II в возрасте 6–18 мес. не оперировано ни одного ребенка. Несовпадение данных УЗИ с интраоперационной картиной выявлено в 25/63 (39,6 %) случаях, что могло привести к более позднему проведению оперативного лечения.&#13;
Выводы. Оптимизация методов диагностики на всех этапах должна начинаться с полного объективного осмотра ребенка, включая наружные половые органы. УЗ-скрининг органов мошонки и брюшной полости у мальчиков не обладает абсолютной чувствительностью, особенно при непальпируемых яичках.</p>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Introduction. Cryptorchidism or undescended testicle is one of the most common congenital malformations in male newborns. The incidence varies and depends on gestational age: 1.0–4.6 % in full-term and 1.1–45.0 % in premature infants. Surgical treatment should be started at the age of 6 months and should be completed by 12 or 18 months.&#13;
The aim of this work is to analyze the causes of late diagnosis and surgical treatment of children with abdominal cryptorchidism (AC).&#13;
Materials and methods. During the period from 2020 to 2024, 699 children with cryptorchidism were treated in the Children’s City Clinical Hospital No. 9 Surgical Department No. 2. Impalpable testicle syndrome was detected in 105/699 (15 %) boys: 63/105 (60 %) — AC; 42/105 — (40 %) testicular regression syndrome. The patients were divided into 2 groups: I — boys were diagnosed with AC from birth (n = 52/63 (82.5 %)); II — AC was diagnosed at a later date, no malformation was detected at birth (n = 11/63 (17.5 %)).&#13;
Results and discussion. All children with an impalpable testicle underwent ultrasound examination of the scrotum, abdominal cavity and inguinal canals to visualize the gonad. Only after this examination were indications for surgical treatment established. Only 6/52 (11.5 %) boys from group I were treated at the recommended optimal age. In the group II, not a single child aged 6–18 months was operated on. Discrepancies between ultrasound data and the intraoperative picture were detected in 25/63 (39.6 %) cases, which could lead to later surgical treatment.&#13;
Conclusions. Optimization of diagnostic methods at all stages should begin with a complete objective examination of the child, including the external genitalia. Ultrasound screening of the scrotum and abdominal cavity in boys does not have absolute sensitivity, especially with non-palpable testicles.</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <title>Ключевые слова</title>
        <kwd>абдоминальный крипторхизм</kwd>
        <kwd>диагностика</kwd>
        <kwd>оперативное лечение</kwd>
        <kwd>лапароскопия</kwd>
        <kwd>дети</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>abdominal cryptorchidism</kwd>
        <kwd>diagnostics</kwd>
        <kwd>surgical treatment</kwd>
        <kwd>laparoscopy</kwd>
        <kwd>children</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
  <back>
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  </back>
</article>
