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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">2713-2900</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник УГМУ</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">USMU Medical Bulletin</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Уральский государственный медицинский университет</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52420/usmumb.11.1.e00207</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="edn">https://elibrary.ru/SBOOSD</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="uri">https://vestnikusmu.ru/index.php/vestnik/article/view/207</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="ru">Применение искусственного интеллекта в эндоскопической диагностике и лечении язвенных дефектов ЖКТ: тематический обзор</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Endoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Ulcers: A Thematic Overview</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Жиляков</surname>
            <given-names>Андрей Викторович</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Жиляков</surname>
              <given-names>Андрей Викторович</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Zhilyakov</surname>
              <given-names>Andrey V.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>doctor-zhilyakov@rambler.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1261-3712</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Соколов</surname>
            <given-names>Сергей Юрьевич</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Соколов</surname>
              <given-names>Сергей Юрьевич</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Sokolov</surname>
              <given-names>Sergey Yu.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>sergey.sokolov@urfu.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7124-6185</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Чернядьев</surname>
            <given-names>Сергей Александрович</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Чернядьев</surname>
              <given-names>Сергей Александрович</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Chernyadev</surname>
              <given-names>Sergey A.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>chsa-surg@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4207-1862</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Жиляков</surname>
            <given-names>Александр Андреевич</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Жиляков</surname>
              <given-names>Александр Андреевич</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Zhilyakov</surname>
              <given-names>Alexandr A.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>alexandrusma@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5251-0411</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Уральский государственный медицинский университет (Екатеринбург, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Ural State Medical University (Ekaterinburg, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-23">
        <day>23</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>11</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <elocation-id>e00207</elocation-id>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Жиляков А. В., Соколов С. Ю., Чернядьев С. А., Жиляков А. А.</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhilyakov A. V., Sokolov S. Y., Chernyadev S. A., Zhilyakov A. A.</copyright-holder>
        <license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">
          <license-p>CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Int.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://vestnikusmu.ru/index.php/vestnik/article/view/207">https://vestnikusmu.ru/index.php/vestnik/article/view/207</self-uri>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Введение. Искусственный интеллект (ИИ) существенно расширяет возможности гастроинтестинальной эндоскопии, автоматизируя распознавание язвенных дефектов, ускоряя анализ изображений и улучшая прогнозирование клинических исходов. Накопление разрозненных данных об эффективности ИИ-алгоритмов требует их систематизации для определения приоритетов и барьеров на пути к клиническому внедрению. Цель работы — систематизировать текущее применение ИИ в диагностике язвенной болезни желудка и двенадцатиперстной кишки, классификации активности и прогнозировании риска острого кровотечения (по Дж. А. Форресту (англ. J. A. Forrest)), а также выявить ключевые пробелы в клинической валидации разработанных моделей. Материалы и методы. Проведен систематический тематический обзор литературы по методике PRISMA-ScR. Поиск осуществлялся в базах данных PubMed, Scopus и Web of Science за период с 1 января 2010 г. по 1 февраля 2025 г. Из 184 первоначально найденных записей после скрининга и оценки полного текста в финальный анализ включено 22 исследования, соответствующих критериям. Результаты. Основные направления исследований: диагностика язв — 13/22 (59 %); прогнозирование осложнений — 5/22 (23 %); интегрированные системы поддержки принятия решений — 3/22 (13 %). Доминирующей технологией были глубокие сверточные нейронные сети (CNN), использованные в 64 % работ. Диагностические метрики моделей показали высокие результаты (AUC 0,82–0,96, чувствительность 76–94 %). Однако лишь 11/22 (50 %) исследований включали в себя внутреннюю валидацию, и только 6/22 (27 %) — внешнюю, что указывает на недостаточную проверку воспроизводимости. Обсуждение. ИИ-алгоритмы демонстрируют высокую точность, превосходящую в ряде случаев возможности эндоскописта, особенно в условиях кровотечения. Тем не менее их внедрение сдерживается рядом факторов: низкой воспроизводимостью на внешних когортах данных, дефицитом проспективных многоцентровых исследований, сложностями интеграции с медицинской ИТ-инфраструктурой и неоднородностью в отчетности о результатах. Заключение. ИИ является перспективным инструментом для улучшения диагностики и стратификации рисков при язвенной болезни. Однако для его полноценного внедрения в клиническую практику необходимы стандартизованные протоколы валидации, формирование единых клинических конечных точек и проведение исследований, оценивающих реальное влияние ИИ на тактику лечения и исходы для пациента.</p>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Introduction. Artificial intelligence (AI) significantly enhances gastrointestinal endoscopy by automating ulcer detection, accelerating image analysis, and improving clinical outcome prediction. The growing body of disparate data on AI algorithm efficacy necessitates systematization to define priorities and barriers for clinical implementation.&#13;
The objective is to systematize current AI applications in diagnosing peptic ulcer disease, classifying bleeding activity (Forrest classification), and predicting acute hemorrhage risk. This review also aimed to identify key gaps in the clinical validation of developed models.&#13;
Materials and methods. A systematic scoping review (PRISMA-ScR) of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted for the period 2010–2025. From an initial 184 records, 22 studies met inclusion criteria after screening and full-text assessment and were included in the final analysis.&#13;
Results. Primary research focused on diagnostics (13/22, 59 %), complication prediction (5/22, 23 %), and clinical decision support systems (3/22, 13 %). Deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) were the dominant technology (64 %), demonstrating high diagnostic accuracy (AUC 0.82–0.96; sensitivity 76–94 %). However, robust validation was lacking: only 50 % (11/22) of studies reported internal validation, and just 27 % (6/22) included external validation, indicating insufficient reproducibility testing.&#13;
Discussion. AI algorithms show high accuracy, sometimes exceeding endoscopist performance, especially during active bleeding. Yet, clinical implementation is hindered by low reproducibility on external cohorts, a scarcity of prospective multicenter trials, IT integration challenges, and heterogeneous reporting standards.&#13;
Conclusion. AI is a promising tool for improving diagnosis and risk stratification in peptic ulcer disease. However, its full integration into clinical practice demands standardized validation protocols, uniform clinical endpoints, and studies assessing AI’s real-world impact on treatment strategies and patient outcomes.</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <title>Ключевые слова</title>
        <kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd>
        <kwd>эндоскопическая хирургия</kwd>
        <kwd>язвенная болезнь</kwd>
        <kwd>диагностика</kwd>
        <kwd>лечение</kwd>
        <kwd>желудочно-кишечный тракт</kwd>
        <kwd>интеллектуальная эндоскопия</kwd>
        <kwd>сверточные нейронные сети</kwd>
        <kwd>системы поддержки принятия решений</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd>
        <kwd>endoscopic surgery</kwd>
        <kwd>peptic ulcer disease</kwd>
        <kwd>diagnosis</kwd>
        <kwd>treatment</kwd>
        <kwd>gastrointestinal tract</kwd>
        <kwd>intelligent endoscopy</kwd>
        <kwd>convolutional neural networks</kwd>
        <kwd>decision support systems</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
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