Comparative Characteristics of Coronavirus Variants

Abstract

An outbreak of a COVID-19 occurred at the end of 2019 in the Wuhan (China). Coronavirus infection is an acute infectious disease, the causative agent of which is an RNA genomic virus of the genus Betacoronavirus, family Coronaviridae. Currently, the number of variants of SARS-CoV-2 exceeds 1 000 different genetic lines, while the following variants are significant in epidemiological terms: alpha, beta, gamma, delta and omicron. Compared to 2022, the incidence decreased by 82.9 %.

The aim of the study analysis of changes in clinical and epidemiological patterns depending on the circulating variant of the coronavirus.

Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the medical histories of 551 patients who were treated for coronavirus infection at the 5^th Military Clinical Hospital of the Russian National Guard Troops for the period from May 2020 to December 2022. A literary review of research materials by domestic and foreign authors using the search engines Cyberleninka, PubMed was conducted. One clinical case has been described.

Results. A retrospective analysis of the medical histories of 551 patients who were treated for coronavirus infection at the 5^th Military Clinical Hospital of the Russian National Guard Troops for the period from May 2020 to December 2022. A literary review of research materials by domestic and foreign authors using the search engines CyberLeninka, PubMed was conducted. One clinical case has been described.

Conclusions. Currently, coronavirus infection is becoming seasonal; the greatest changes in coronavirus are found in the lungs; acute respiratory distress syndrome prevails among the outcomes of all coronavirus strains.

For citation: Frolova MA, Balabanova EA, Patlusov EP, Arkhipova AS. Comparative characteristics of coronavirus variants. USMU Medical Bulletin. 2025;10(1):e00124. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.52420/usmumb.10.1.e00124. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/BNENKW.