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Abstract
Introduction. This study examines the complex relationship between national wealth, healthcare investment, population demographics, and heart disease prevalence across three countries: Egypt, Russia, and the USA. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for developing effective healthcare policies tailored to diverse economic and demographic contexts.
Materials and methods. The study utilized data on GDP per capita, healthcare expenditure, average age, and heart disease prevalence from 2017 to 2021. Comparative analysis was conducted to assess the impact of economic resources and demographic profiles on cardiovascular disease trends. Statistical methods were applied to explore correlations among wealth indicators, healthcare spending, and disease prevalence.
Results and discussion. Analysis of heart disease prevalence in Egypt, Russia, and the USA showed significant correlations between cardiovascular health outcomes, national wealth indicators, and population demographics. Egypt’s younger population exhibited a notably lower prevalence of heart disease, likely due to limited healthcare expenditure and shorter life expectancy. In contrast, Russia and the USA, with older populations and higher healthcare investments, showed increased rates of cardiovascular disease, presenting a dilemma: in countries with longer life expectancies, such as Russia and the USA, CVD prevalence tends to rise as populations age, even with substantial healthcare spending. Russia’s high cardiovascular mortality rates reflect insufficient GDP and healthcare spending to offset aging effects, while in the USA, despite significant healthcare resources, CVD remains a leading cause of death, showing that economic resources alone cannot resolve this challenge in aging societies. This dilemma highlights the need for both efficient resource allocation and preventive strategies. While younger populations like Egypt’s may benefit more from preventive measures, aging populations in the USA and Russia require a blend of treatment resources and preventive care tailored to older age groups. These findings suggest that health policies should consider both economic and demographic factors, advocating for a balanced approach combining preventive care with healthcare investment to meet immediate and long-term health needs across diverse populations.
For citation
Afifi MM, Cherniaev IA. Economics and demography in the fight against cardiovascular disease: A cross-country analysis. USMU Medical Bulletin. 2024;(4):27–42. (In Russ.). EDN: https://elibrary.ru/DQHQNQ.
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