Keywords
saliva
biomarker
microRNA
interleukins
Abstract
Introduction. Endometriosis is an inflammatory disease characterized by the manifestation of endometrial-like tissue outside the endometrium and myometrium. Modern researchers are actively searching for highly informative markers for non-invasive diagnostics. The detection of biomarkers in the biological fluids of patients, in particular in saliva, can become a convenient, fast and safe tool for non-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis. The purpose of this literature review was: based on the data of scientific literature to evaluate the possibility of using salivary markers in the diagnosis of endometriosis. Materials and methods. A search of scientific literature was conducted and a descriptive review was performed. When searching for articles, PubMed, ResearchGate, eLibrary.Ru resources were used using combinations of keywords: endometriosis, saliva, biomarker, microRNA, interleukins. Duplicate sources have been excluded. Attention was mainly paid to the works for the period 2017–2023, but some earlier sources were also used. Results and their discussion. microRNAs have become promising candidates as biomarkers of endometriosis. microRNA analysis was performed in saliva samples. 34 microRNAs associated with infertility in endometriosis were identified. Cortisol has become a promising biomarker of endometriosis in saliva. Increased cortisol in endometriosis may be associated with chronic stress. The concentration of detectable levels of inflammatory markers in saliva is relatively high, sometimes higher than the concentration found in blood. Three cytokines in saliva — IL‑6, TNF-α and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIF) — showed a correlation with their amount observed in the blood. Conclusion. The results of scientific research confirm the possibility in the future to use some non-invasive salivary markers in the diagnosis of endometriosis, in particular microRNA, cortisol levels, and cytokine levels.
References
Эндометриоз: клинические рекомендации / Российское общество акушеров‑гинекологов. 2020. URL: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/schema/259_1 (дата обращения: 23.03.2023).
ESHRE guideline: endometriosis / C. M. Becker, A. Bokor, O. Heikinheimo [et al.] // Hum Reprod Open. 2022. Vol. 2022, Iss. 2. P. hoac009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/hropen/hoac009.
Impact of Endometriosis Diagnostic Delays on Healthcare Resource Utilization and Costs / E. Surrey, A. M. Soliman, H. Trenz [et al.] // Adv Ther. 2020. Vol. 37. P. 1087–1099. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-019-01215‑x.
The Effect of Endometriosis Symptoms on Absenteeism and Presenteeism in the Workplace and at Home / A. M. Soliman, K. S. Coyne, K. S. Gries [et al.] // J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2017. Vol. 23. Iss. 7. P. 745–754. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18553/jmcp.2017.23.7.745.
Impact of Endometriosis on Life-Course Potential: A Narrative Review / S. A. Missmer, F. F. Tu, S. K. Agarwal // Int J Gen Med. 2021. Vol. 14. P. 9–25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S261139.
Barriers and facilitators to the timely diagnosis of endometriosis in primary care in the Netherlands / M. van der Zanden, D. A. M. Teunissen, I. W. van der Woord // Fam Pract. 2020. Vol. 37, Iss. 1. P. 131–136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmz041.
Zondervan K. T., Becker C. M., Missmer S. A. Endometriosis // N Engl J Med. 2020. Vol. 382. P. 1244–1256. DOI: https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMra1810764.
Magnetic resonance imaging for deep infiltrating endometriosis: current concepts, imaging technique and key findings / F. Lorusso, M. Scioscia, D. Rubini [et al.] // Insights Imaging. 2021. Vol. 12. P. 105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13244-021-01054‑x.
Transvaginal Ultrasound vs. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Value in Endometriosis Diagnosis / A. Baușic, C. Coroleucă, C. Coroleucă [et al.] // Diagnostics (Basel). 2022. Vol. 12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12071767.
The short-term reliability and long-term stability of salivary immune markers / G. S. Shields, G. M. Slavich, G. Perlman [et al.] // Brain Behav Immun. 2019. Vol. 81. P. 650–654. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2019.06.007.
Szabo Y. Z., Slavish D. C. Measuring salivary markers of inflammation in health research: A review of methodological considerations and best practices // Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2021. Vol. 124. P. 105069. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.105069.
Gingival Crevicular Fluid: An Overview / K. C. Subbarao, G. S. Nattuthurai, S. K. Sundararajan [et al.] // J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2019. Vol. 11. P. S135–S139. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/JPBS. JPBS_56_19.
Salivary biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in healthy adults / Y. Nam, Y.-Y. Kim, J.-Y. Chang, H.-S. Kho // Arch Oral Biol. 2019. Vol. 97. P. 215–222. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.10.026.
Comparison of biomarkers in blood and saliva in healthy adults / S. Williamson, C. Munro, R. Pickler [et al.] // Nurs Res Pract. 2012. Vol. 2012. P. 246178. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/246178.
Application of biomarkers in the development of drugs intended for the treatment of osteoarthritis / V. B. Kraus, B. Burnett, J. Coindreau [et al.] // Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2011. Vol. 19. P. 515–542. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2010.08.019.
Imaging modalities for the non-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis / V. Nisenblat, P. M. M. Bossuyt, C. Farquhar [et al.] // Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016. Vol. 2. P. CD009591. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009591.pub2.
Blood biomarkers for the non-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis / V. Nisenblat, P. M. M. Bossuyt, R. Shaikh [et al.] // Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016. Vol. 2016. P. CD012179. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012179.
Plasma miRNAs as biomarkers for endometriosis / A. Vanhie, D. O, D. Peterse [et al.] // Hum Reprod. 2019. Vol. 34. P. 1650–1660. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dez116.
The miRNA Mirage: How Close Are We to Finding a Non-Invasive Diagnostic Biomarker in Endometriosis? A Systematic Review / S. Agrawal, T. Tapmeier, N. Rahmioglu [et al.] // Int J Mol Sci. 2018. Vol. 19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19020599.
Bartel D. P. MicroRNAs: genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function // Cell. 2004. Vol. 116. P. 281–297. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8674(04)00045-5.
Hammond S. M. RNAi, microRNAs, and human disease // Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2006. Vol. 58. P. 63–68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00280-006-0318-2.
Bartel D. P. MicroRNAs: target recognition and regulatory functions // Cell. 2009. Vol. 36. P. 215–233. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2009.01.002.
Ghafouri-Fard S., Shoorei H., Taheri M. Role of Non-coding RNAs in the Pathogenesis of Endometriosis // Front Oncol. 2020. Vol. 10. P. 1370. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2020.01370.
Non-coding RNAs in endometriosis: a narrative review / K. Panir, J. E. Schjenken, S. A. Robertson, M. L. Hull // Hum Reprod Update. 2018. Vol. 24. P. 497–515. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmy014.
Circulating microRNA profile as a potential biomarker for obstructive sleep apnea diagnosis / F. Santamaria-Martos, I. Benítez, F. Ortega [et al.] // Sci Rep. 2019. Vol. 9. P. 13456. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49940-1.
A Novel Saliva-Based miRNA Signature for Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis / Ó. Rapado-González, B. Majem, A. Álvarez-Castro [et al.] // J Clin Med. 2019. Vol. 8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8122029.
Kang J.-W., Eun Y.-G., Lee Y.-C. Diagnostic Value of Salivary miRNA in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis // Int J Mol Sci. 2021. Vol. 22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137026.
Salivary MicroRNA for Diagnosis of Cancer and Systemic Diseases: A Systematic Review / G. Setti, M. E. Pezzi, M. V. Viani [et al.] // Int J Mol Sci. 2020. Vol. 21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21030907.
Overview of miRNAs for the non-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis: evidence, challenges and strategies. A systematic review / V. U. Monnaka, C. Hernandes, D. Heller, S. Podgaec // Einstein (Sao Paulo). 2021. Vol. 19. P. eRW5704. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31744/einstein_journal/2021RW5704.
Hypoxia-induced microRNA‑20a expression increases ERK phosphorylation and angiogenic gene expression in endometriotic stromal cells / S.-C. Lin, C.-C. Wang, M.-H. Wu [et al.] // J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012. Vol. 97. P. E1515–E1523. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-1450.
Wright K. R., Mitchell B., Santanam N. Redox regulation of microRNAs in endometriosis-associated pain // Redox Biol. 2017. Vol. 12. P. 956–966. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2017.04.037.
Systemic Inflammation Induced by microRNAs: Endometriosis-Derived Alterations in Circulating microRNA 125b‑5p and Let‑7b‑5p Regulate Macrophage Cytokine Production / S. E. Nematian, R. Mamillapalli, T. S. Kadakia [et al.] // J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018. Vol. 103. P. 64–74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2017-01199.
miRNA Expression Profile of Saliva in Subjects of Yang Deficiency Constitution and Yin Deficiency Constitution / Y. Chen, Y. Wu, H. Yao [et al.] // Cell Physiol Biochem. 2018. Vol. 49. P. 2088–2098. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000493769.
Diversity and signature of small RNA in different bodily fluids using next generation sequencing / M. El-Mogy, B. Lam, T. A. Haj-Ahmad [et al.] // BMCGenomics. 2018. Vol. 19. P. 408. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-018-4785-8.
Salivary MicroRNA Signature for Diagnosis of Endometriosis / S. Bendifallah, S. Suisse, A. Puchar [et al.] // J Clin Med. 2022. Vol. 11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11030612.
Endometriosis-associated infertility diagnosis based on saliva microRNA signatures / Y. Dabi, S. Suisse, A. Puchar [et al.] // Reprod Biomed Online. 2023. Vol. 46. P. 138–149. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2022.09.019.
Total Extracellular Small RNA Profiles from Plasma, Saliva, and Urine of Healthy Subjects / A. Yeri, A. Courtright, R. Reiman [et al.] // Sci Rep. 2017. Vol. 7. P. 44061. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep44061.
Hsa-mir‑135a Shows Potential as A Putative Diagnostic Biomarker in Saliva and Plasma for Endometriosis / A. Perricos, K. Proestling, H. Husslein [et al.] // Biomolecules. 2022. Vol. 12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12081144.
Behavioral, cognitive, and emotional coping strategies of women with endometriosis: a critical narrative review / C. Zarbo, A. Brugnera, L. Frigerio [et al.] // Arch Womens Ment Health. 2018. Vol. 21. P. 1–13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-017-0779-9.
Patients with endometriosis using positive coping strategies have less depression, stress and pelvic pain / L. Donatti, D. G. Ramos, M. de P. Andres [et al.] // Einstein (Sao Paulo). 2017. Vol. 15. P. 65–70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-45082017AO3911.
Stress exacerbates endometriosis manifestations and inflammatory parameters in an animal model / M. Cuevas, I. Flores, K. J. Thompson [et al.] // Reprod Sci. 2012. Vol. 19. P. 851–862. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1933719112438443.
Stress During Development of Experimental Endometriosis Influences Nerve Growth and Disease Progression / M. Cuevas, M. L. Cruz, A. E. Ramirez [et al.] // Reprod Sci. 2018. Vol. 25. P. 347–357. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1933719117737846.
Is Stress a Cause or a Consequence of Endometriosis? / F. M. Reis, L. M. Coutinho, S. Vannuccini [et al.] // Reprod Sci. 2020. Vol. 27. P. 39–45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-019-00053-0.
Hair cortisol and the relationship with chronic pain and quality of life in endometriosis patients / M. van Aken, J. Oosterman, T. van Rijn [et al.] // Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2018. Vol. 89. P. 216–222. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.01.001.
Anxiety, coping skills and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in patients with endometriosis / M. Quiñones, R. Urrutia, A. Torres-Reverón [et al.] // J Reprod Biol Health. 2015. Vol. 3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7243/2054-0841-3-2.
Salivary cortisol concentrations, stress and quality of life in women with endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain / K. F. S. Petrelluzzi, M. C. Garcia, C. A. Petta [et al.] // Stress. 2008. Vol. 11. P. 390–397. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10253890701840610.
Эндометриоз: вопросы патогенеза / Е. В. Кудрявцева, Т. А. Обоскалова, А. В. Воронцова, А. В. Чижова // Вестник Уральской Медицинской Академической Науки. 2021. Т. 18. С. 239–252. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22138/2500–0918–2021–18–3-239–252.
Значение состава перитонеальной жидкости в генезе бесплодия у женщин с эндометриозом яичников / Я. А. Мангилева, А. В. Чижова, Е. В. Кудрявцева [и др.] // Вестник Уральской Медицинской Академической Науки. 2022. Т. 19. С. 82–94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22138/2500-0918-2022-19-2-82-94.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright © 2023 Мангилева Я. А., Лысенко А. Л., Шмелева А. С., Полушина Л. Г., Кудрявцева Е. В.